What are the three types of electric vehicle charging systems?

The charging systems of electric vehicles are mainly divided into the following three types:

1. Slow charging system (AC charging)

Definition: The slow charging system is connected to a 220V household AC socket or AC charging pile through a slow charging harness (such as a household slow charging harness, a charging pile slow charging harness) to charge the power battery.

Working principle: The AC power provided by the AC charging pile or the household AC power supply is converted into a high-voltage DC voltage after rectification, filtering, and boosting by the on-board charger (OBC), and then connected to the power battery through the high-voltage control box to achieve charging.

Components: Mainly include power supply equipment (AC charging pile or household AC power supply), on-board charger, slow charging port, charging gun, high-voltage harness, low-voltage control harness, high-voltage control box, power battery, vehicle controller (VCU).

Features: The charging power is low and the charging time is long, but the equipment cost is low, which is suitable for home use or long-term parking.

2. Fast charging system (DC charging)
Definition: The fast charging system uses DC power supply, and directly transmits high-voltage DC power to the power battery through the DC charging pile to achieve fast charging.
Working principle: After the DC charging pile converts 380V AC three-phase power into DC power, it is connected to the standard DC charging plug and charging socket to directly charge the power battery.
Components: Mainly includes DC charging pile, fast charging interface, high-voltage control box, power battery, vehicle controller (VCU), high-voltage wiring harness and low-voltage control wiring harness, etc.
Features: High charging power and short charging time, suitable for use in places such as highway service areas and large charging stations where power needs to be replenished quickly. However, the equipment cost is high, and the requirements for batteries and charging facilities are also high.

3. Low-voltage charging system
Definition: The low-voltage charging system is mainly used to charge the low-voltage battery (such as 12V battery) of electric vehicles to ensure the normal operation of the vehicle in the low-voltage system (such as lights, audio, air conditioning, etc.). Working principle: When the VCU detects that the low-voltage power supply is lower than a certain threshold, it will control the DC/DC converter to enable through a hard-line signal, and the DC/DC converter will convert the high-voltage power of the power battery into 12V/24V low-voltage power to charge the battery.
Components: Mainly includes DC/DC converter, low-voltage battery, vehicle controller (VCU), etc.
Features: Although it does not directly charge the power battery, it ensures the normal operation of the vehicle's low-voltage system and is an important part of the electric vehicle charging system.